Background OnabotulinumtoxinA has demonstrated significant benefit in adult focal spasticity. This study reviews the injection patterns (i.e., muscle distribution, dosing) of onabotulinumtoxinA for ...

Symptoms of spasticity — including chronic muscle stiffness, pain, and jerkiness of voluntary movements — can interfere with your daily activities. Left untreated, these symptoms may significantly ...

There are many prescription and over-the-counter medications available that can provide relief for muscle spasms and muscle spasticity. Muscle relaxers, or muscle relaxants, are medications used to ...

Animal or in vitro studies, studies performed in pediatric populations, and studies reporting treatment with BoNT products other than onabotulinumtoxinA were excluded. The full-text publications of ...