What does a VNA measure? What can one do with the measured data? What devices are measured with a VNA? Most design engineers are familiar with tools of the trade such as voltmeters, oscilloscopes, ...

All engineers know resistance is usually bad news. It generates heat. It reduces efficiency. It wears out components and cuts operational lifetimes. However, resistance is not the only kind of ...

Find a downloadable version of this story in pdf format at the end of the story. When measuring a circuit or device with a network analyzer, engineers generally inject a signal and believe that the ...